var image = new Array();
var title = new Array();
var descr = new Array();
image[0]="IMG_3476.JPG";
title[0]="Fishing Technology";
descr[0]="Top board with hand carved items. Flounder bowl has a spirit tail. The pendant is a salmon as well as an eagle eating the salmon. The club was carved by a native Haida.
Bottom board examples of halibut fish hooks. The illustrations are from Hilary Stewart's book INDIAN FISHING with her permission.";
image[1]="IMG_3477.JPG";
title[1]="Fishing Technology";
descr[1]="Top board includes a herring rake used to rake fish into a canoe. The salmon gig has three toggle harpoon tips. The flounder spear is for use on flat fish in sandy bottoms.
Bottom board has examples of fish hooks and harpoons. The fishing lure is a copy of one found in a rockshelter in the Willamette valley. The missing toggling harpoon is a loose item used to demonstrate how it works.";
image[2]="IMG_3478.JPG";
title[2]="Fishing Technology";
descr[2]="Top Board has a hook made from a deer toe bone: first split; ground; broken then tip sharpened and top drilled. Fish gorge hooks are illustrated on how they work.
Bottom Board has steamed bentwood hook as well as drawings of fishing technological solutions. Halibut fishing methods are shown.";
image[3]="IMG_3479.JPG";
title[3]="Fishing Technology";
descr[3]="Top Board shows several floats for nets or for hook-sets also a shell spinner. The cod lure was pushed deep into the water and released to lure cod within spearing distance.
Bottom Board has examples of wood; horn and shell spoons as well as several knives and a bone awl.";
image[4]="IMG_3480.JPG";
title[4]="Fishing Technology";
descr[4]="This board illustrates several methods of fishing including fish traps and weirs.";
image[5]="IMG_3481.JPG";
title[5]="Plant Technology";
descr[5]="Both boards contain examples of plants used in making baskets as well as sweet grass used as a smudge in ceremonies.";
image[6]="IMG_3483.JPG";
title[6]="Plant Technology";
descr[6]="This large board has examples of dried plants then shredded fibers then cordage from tule; dogbane; red cedar; sagebrush and stinging nettle.";
image[7]="IMG_3484.JPG";
title[7]="Plant Technology";
descr[7]="This large board has a tule mat with a mat needle as well as a mat creasing tool used to crease the tule over the triangular needle to keep the fiber from moving sideways. The new crease is visible over the needle and the old creases just visible where the dogbane cordage was placed.";
image[8]="IMG_3485.JPG";
title[8]="Tool Technology";
descr[8]="Top Board has hand carved spindle whorls used to spin yarn. A sample fish net of hand made cordage and a netting needle.
Bottom Board with mix of tools using stone and bone: awls; needles; basketry tool; scraper; Stockhoff basalt biface; stone paint pot; adz with jade blade. A replica eagle bone whistle is in the carved wooden case.";
image[9]="IMG_3486.JPG";
title[9]="Tool Technology";
descr[9]="Top Board shows a mix of items used to sand wood and bone tools. Two types of knives with knapped stone and a small D-adz with a ground stone edge. A needle case containing bone needles is in the center.
Bottom Board illustrates the process of steaming inner bark to produce bark cloth strips used to make bark cloth blankets.";
image[10]="IMG_3487.JPG";
title[10]="Fire Technology";
descr[10]="Top Board is a fire starting kit with a seep willow spindle and cottonwood hearth. The spindle has thumb loops to help with downward pressure.
Bottom Board discusses the drainage basins occupied by Kalapuyan speakers.";
image[11]="IMG_3488.JPG";
title[11]="Gambling";
descr[11]="Top Board has a gambling pouch made by Norma McGraw as well as examples of gambling counters and game pieces.
Bottom Board has soapstone pipes with deer bone handles. The top spoon is mountain sheep horn and below it is a deer bone spoon.";
image[12]="IMG_3490.JPG";
title[12]="Plant Dyes";
descr[12]="Top Board; Examples of dyes from lichens and mushrooms
Bottom Board; Cattail and its uses. The fluff is spread out over bedrock or clay and burned off. This leaves behind countless small seeds that can be gathered and cooked. The vial contains seeds from a small amount of fluff.";
image[13]="IMG_3491.JPG";
title[13]="Cordage and Hides";
descr[13]="Top Board; Hand made cordage from thread to small string.
Bottom Board; Hide processing tools. Deer bone with section removed as a scraper. The removed section mounted in a grooved stick (with pine pitch) used as another type of scraper.";
image[14]="IMG_3492.JPG";
title[14]="Art";
descr[14]="Top Board; Examples of paint brushes made from wood or quill with feather tips. Small samples of mineral pigments.
Bottom Board; Northwest Coast miniature masks carved from cedar and painted with traditional colors.";
image[15]="IMG_3493.JPG";
title[15]="Adornment";
descr[15]="Top Board; Examples of hair brushes and combs. Reproduction pendants found along the Columbia River before the dams were built.
Bottom Board: discussion of atlatl (dart thrower) technology. Leaves from the native wild iris plant and cordage made from the leaf fiber.";
image[16]="IMG_3494.JPG";
title[16]="Pigments";
descr[16]="Top Board; Pigments is a project in process. As I gather more pigments around Oregon I will add them to the display. Most of the pigments at this time are mineral based. Red and yellow ocher are on the bottom right. Each vial is labeled on the side.
Bottom Board Bow drill; spindle and hearth for making fire.";
image[17]="IMG_3495.JPG";
title[17]="House Types and Knives";
descr[17]="Top Board illustrates basic house types from different ecological and climate zones: from multifamily cedar plank houses in the NW to nuclear family tule or cattail mat covered pole structures in the SE
Bottom Board contains knives made from basalt; obsidian (volcanic glass) and chert. Engraving tools include a beaver tooth mounted in bone.";
image[18]="IMG_3496.JPG";
title[18]="Ground Stone & Houses";
descr[18]="Top Board illustrates ground stone methods. A small stone bowl at top right broke during the pecking process. Several jade adze blades are on the lower left as well as handmade stone and shell beads.
Bottom Board has a cattail mat used to cover structure from the SE to the NE";
image[19]="IMG_3497.JPG";
title[19]="Sinew/Tendon and Tools";
descr[19]="Top Board. Examples of backstrap and leg sinew as well as processed sinew.
Bottom Board. Awls; needles; scrapers; wedges; and blades made from bone; basalt and obsidian.";
image[20]="IMG_3498.JPG";
title[20]="Stone Technology";
descr[20]="Top Board. Range of obsidian types from Glass Buttes as well as a few other types. Text lists variations in naming obsidian.
Bottom Board. Earlier biface technology used a lot of raw material to produce a preform that was traded. A single tool might come out of a biface. Later core and flake methods produced hundreds of useful tools from the same amount of material. The switch from atlatl to bow may reflect economic pressures as large biface darts were replaced by small core-flake arrowheads reducing raw material costs.";
image[21]="IMG_3499.JPG";
title[21]="Atlatl and Planks and Primitive?";
descr[21]="Top Left Board: Demonstration of throwing an atlatl dart
Top Right Board: Making board planks from cedar trees. Illustrations from Hilary Stewart's book CEDAR.
Bottom Board: Why I dislike the word \"primitive\" and multiple uses of an dead animal.";
image[22]="IMG_3500.JPG";
title[22]="Hunting";
descr[22]="Top Board: Difference between the dart and bow.
Bottom Board: Early Archaic Period from 7000 to 4000 B.C. World record atlatl dart throw of 848 feet 6 5/8 inches. Dart foreshafts fit into a dart. Multiple foreshafts carried with 1-2 darts. Darts fall off and rearmed and reused during hunt.";
image[23]="IMG_3501.JPG";
title[23]="Hunting Technology";
descr[23]="Top Board: Early Archaic Period from 4000 B.C. to BC/AD.
Bottom Board: PaleoIndian Period older than 7000 B.C. Clovis point with only cutting edge exposed. The Clovis example cut away to show flute. Foreshafts around 20 inches long. Foreshafts tapered for deeper penetration. Example foreshafts shorter here due to space considerations.";
image[24]="IMG_3502.JPG";
title[24]="Hunting";
descr[24]="Top Board: Bola in northern style. Feathers slow down the center. Weights are walrus teeth tied in Eskimo style. The cords were stored as a daisy chain to keep them from getting tangled.
Bottom Board: examples of different hafting types for projectile points on dart foreshafts.";
image[25]="IMG_3503.JPG";
title[25]="Bow and Arrow";
descr[25]="Top Board: In areas where good straight arrow wood was rare arrows were made in two parts. The main shaft and the foreshaft. When the foreshaft penetrated the animal the main shaft would fall to the ground to be recovered even if the animal was lost. Examples of a shock point; a bleeding point; and a penetration point are illustrated.
Bottom Board: Paiute style arrows. The SHOCK point cross piece stops the arrow from going through the animal. So all of the momentum goes into the body of the animal";
image[26]="IMG_3504.JPG";
title[26]="Bow and Arrow";
descr[26]="This board has Plateau and Willamette Valley style arrowheads. The arrowheads on the lower Rogue River arrows were made from a quarry in that location by John Fagan.";
image[27]="IMG_3505.JPG";
title[27]="Pecked and Ground Stone";
descr[27]="The bowl was donated from a plowed field. There is a pestle; a mano; two fishnet weights; a large hammer; and a donated stone of unknown function.";
image[28]="IMG_3506.JPG";
title[28]="Miscellaneous";
descr[28]="Two stone paint pots; a fish rattle; a deer hoof rattle made by Jim Riggs; a hoof and feather rattle; a beaded bag holding flint and steel; and two jars of pigment.";
image[29]="IMG_3508.JPG";
title[29]="Stone Tools";
descr[29]="A pecked stone wedge; an obsidian core placed on the biface board; two hafted stone hammers; and two pecked stone paint pots.";
image[30]="IMG_3509.JPG";
title[30]="Reproduction Items";
descr[30]="A steamed bentwood box; reproduction rattles; two reproduction bowls; and a miniature mask in NW Coast style.";
image[31]="IMG_3510.JPG";
title[31]="Tools";
descr[31]="An adz with hand ground jade blade; a bow drill for drilling holes in bone; wood; shell; pitch sticks made from 50% pine pitch and 50% campfire charcoal finely ground; and a bull roarer.";
image[32]="IMG_3511.JPG";
title[32]="Atlatl";
descr[32]="Group of atlatl's. The spur could be used to grab large chunks of meat as they were pealed from the dead animal during butchering.";
image[33]="IMG_3512.JPG";
title[33]="Quiver";
descr[33]="The quiver is rawhide covered with rabbit. Quivers were worn at the waist to keep contents quiet and to keep them from snagging while walking through dense vegetation. The compound arrow was made by Steve Allely. The other arrow is made by Jim Riggs.";
image[34]="IMG_3513.JPG";
title[34]="Kalapuya Bow";
descr[34]="Close up of the steamed recurve bow made by Steve Allely as a copy of a Kalapuyan bow.";
image[35]="IMG_3515.JPG";
title[35]="Kalapuya Bow";
descr[35]="The bow string is elk sinew. The bow has a 40 pound pull and is fully tillered.";
image[36]="IMG_3516.JPG";
title[36]="Loose Items";
descr[36]="A carved wood card-holder; two NW Coast style carvings; deer toe bone whistle; a clap stick for dances; two antler heat bending tools for straightening dart of arrow shafts.";
image[37]="IMG_3517.JPG";
title[37]="Loose Items";
descr[37]="A trade hawk; a surfacing adze from Kestrel Tools with a hollowing adze; and a D-adze made at Echoes-In-Time with a blade from an old file.";
image[38]="IMG_3519.JPG";
title[38]="Loose Items";
descr[38]="A ground stone axe; a knife with a carved bear handle; a trade hawk and miniature hawk; cedar dance clappers; antler war club bought in a yard sale; and rawhide quiver filled with dart foreshafts.";
image[39]="IMG_3520.JPG";
title[39]="Bags";
descr[39]="Felt bag; rawhide bag; and NW Coast carving of a salmon spirit transforming out of a salmon.";
image[40]="IMG_3521.JPG";
title[40]="Loose Items";
descr[40]="Bow drill; waterproof basket covered with pitch; reproduction bowl containing cards.";
image[41]="IMG_3523.JPG";
title[41]="Tule";
descr[41]="Duck decoy would be covered with a duck skin (feathered); Paiute style visor hat; sling and floating bag that holds fired clay balls used for hunting birds in water; tule pouch for holding knapping tools.";
image[42]="IMG_3526.JPG";
title[42]="Loose Items";
descr[42]="Canoe bail made by Norma McGraw from a single piece of red cedar; two baskets; a toggling harpoon used on a fishing board; and a winnowing tray bought in a yard sale.";
image[43]="IMG_3527.JPG";
title[43]="Knife";
descr[43]="Ron Macy knife in a basket; bark double rattle.";
image[44]="IMG_3529.JPG";
title[44]="Knife";
descr[44]="Closeup of the knife showing micro-flaked transparent edge. Obsidian feathers out to a single molecule edge sharper than and metal tool.";
image[45]="IMG_3531.JPG";
title[45]="Wokas";
descr[45]="Klamath staple food item. The seeds in the small vial in the lower right are obtained by fermenting away the pod.";
image[46]="IMG_3532.JPG";
title[46]="Loose Items";
descr[46]="Neck knives and a small slate knife; tongs; arrow foreshafts including blunts for hunting birds; spindle drill for drilling holes; poison arrow with hollow tip; paint brushes; and shells engraved by plant acids.";
image[47]="IMG_3533.JPG";
title[47]="Loose Items";
descr[47]="Deerskin bag; awls; red cedar bark; jade blade; and a rawhide neck bag.";
image[48]="IMG_3535.JPG";
title[48]="Bark Basket";
descr[48]="Unknown bark; folded and used for storage of acorns.";
image[49]="IMG_3538.JPG";
title[49]="Camas";
descr[49]="Staple food in the Willamette Valley that grows best in wet meadows; the card deck of wild plants can be purchased at http://www.greencloaks.com/home.html";
image[50]="IMG_3539.JPG";
title[50]="Camas";
descr[50]="Bulb roasted in earth ovens for several days.";
image[51]="IMG_3540.JPG";
title[51]="Death Camas";
descr[51]="Note flower as compared to edible camas.";
image[52]="IMG_3541.JPG";
title[52]="Wapato";
descr[52]="Important food that grows in shallow fresh water areas. Camas areas were owned by domestic groups. I grow wapato in my backyard in a bucket. Sauvie Island was once known as Wapato Island.";
image[53]="IMG_3542.JPG";
title[53]="Tarweed";
descr[53]=" Important seed plant that had to have the tar burned off before harvest of the seeds. Seed pods were beaten into baskets during harvest. Tarweed fields were owned by domestic groups.";
image[54]="IMG_3543.JPG";
title[54]="Chickweed";
descr[54]="Introduced plant used in the Old World for medicinal values.";
image[55]="IMG_3545.JPG";
title[55]="False Dandelion";
descr[55]="Young leaves and latex chewed for pleasure.";
image[56]="IMG_3546.JPG";
title[56]="Scouring Rush";
descr[56]="Used to polish wood such as arrow shafts and gambling sticks; and to decorate baskets.";
image[57]="IMG_3547.JPG";
title[57]="Huckleberry";
descr[57]="Berries eaten fresh; cooked; and dried into cakes.";
image[58]="IMG_3548.JPG";
title[58]="Indian Cherry";
descr[58]="Twinberry; bark an twigs used in medicine; berries used as black pigment.";
image[59]="IMG_3549.JPG";
title[59]="Miner's Lettuce";
descr[59]="Used in medicine.";
image[60]="IMG_3550.JPG";
title[60]="Wild Onion";
descr[60]="Used to remove the fishy taste of seal and ducks.";
image[61]="IMG_3551.JPG";
title[61]="Salal";
descr[61]="Eaten both fresh and dried into cakes. Mixed with oolichan grease at feasts; used to thicken salmon eggs.";
image[62]="IMG_3552.JPG";
title[62]="Salal";
descr[62]="Leaves used in pit ovens.";
image[63]="IMG_3553.JPG";
title[63]="Wood Sorrel";
descr[63]="eaten as a salad green. Contains oxalic acid.";
image[64]="IMG_3554.JPG";
title[64]="Wild Strawberry";
descr[64]="Only eaten fresh; leaves made into tea.";
image[65]="IMG_3555.JPG";
title[65]="Tarweed";
descr[65]="Another example.";
image[66]="IMG_3556.JPG";
title[66]="Tarweed";
descr[66]="Seeds are small.";
image[67]="IMG_3557.JPG";
title[67]="Thimbleberry";
descr[67]="Berry stored till fresh or dried.";
image[68]="IMG_3558.JPG";
title[68]="Violet";
descr[68]="Leaves and flowers eaten raw; used as potherbs or made into tea.";
image[69]="IMG_3559.JPG";
title[69]="Yarrow";
descr[69]="Made into tea. Used as medicine.";
image[70]="IMG_3560.JPG";
title[70]="Nootka Rose";
descr[70]="Used in steaming pits; tender shoots eaten.";
image[71]="IMG_3561.JPG";
title[71]="Kinnikinnick";
descr[71]="Used in medicine; leaves dried and smoked with tobacco.";
image[72]="IMG_3562.JPG";
title[72]="Choke Cherry";
descr[72]="Bark used in baskets; wrapping harpoons; arrows; and bow hafts.";
image[73]="IMG_3563.JPG";
title[73]="Hazelnut";
descr[73]="Important nut crop";
image[74]=".";
title[74]="";
descr[74]="";
image[75]="IMG_3564.JPG";
title[75]="Blue Huckleberry";
descr[75]="Berries eaten fresh or cooked; mashed; and dried into cakes.";
image[76]="IMG_3565.JPG";
title[76]="Blue Huckleberry";
descr[76]="Eaten with oolichan grease.";
image[77]="IMG_3566.JPG";
title[77]="Red Huckleberry";
descr[77]="Eaten fresh or dried into cakes. Smoke dried. Monster woman-of-the-woods created the berries to lure people into the woods.";
image[78]="IMG_3567.JPG";
title[78]="Dogbane";
descr[78]="Hemp. Used to make cordage. I grow dogbane in my yard.";
image[79]="IMG_3570.JPG";
title[79]="Stone Bowl";
descr[79]="Made by Dale Coleman. Pecked and used to grind red ochre.";
image[80]="IMG_3571.JPG";
title[80]="Sea Otter";
descr[80]="Carved mother and pup.";
image[81]="IMG_3572.JPG";
title[81]="Bags";
descr[81]="Made in NW Coast designs. Made for a trade blanket.";
image[82]="IMG_3577.JPG";
title[82]="Raven";
descr[82]="Dance frontlet mask with articulated mouth. Beak snaps shut when cord pulled.";
image[83]="IMG_3579.JPG";
title[83]="Masks";
descr[83]="Miniature transform mask. Upper mask opens to reveal another mask.";
image[84]="IMG_3580.JPG";
title[84]="Tunic";
descr[84]=" Tlingit Shaman's style painted leather. Charcoal; red ochre; yellow ochre; and copper pigments.Bottom section upside down to insure non-native work.";
image[85]="IMG_3583.JPG";
title[85]="Tunic (Back)";
descr[85]="Asymmetric design.";
image[86]="IMG_3584.JPG";
title[86]="Darts";
descr[86]="For competition throwing.";
image[87]="IMG_3586.JPG";
title[87]="Fish Trap";
descr[87]="Made from split red cedar strips.";